Laboratory , Engineering Design Practice Example

Laboratory , Engineering Design Practice Example Laboratory , Engineering Design Practice â€" Assignment Example > AbstractCalorimetry is the measure of the heat evolved during a chemical process or heat required to sustain a chemical process. Calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat in a quantitative manner within control conditions. The same principle is applied in cone calorimeter. Cone calorimeter is an important laboratory device used to measure the characteristics of fire of small samples of various materials. Cone calorimeter measures the various aspects of combustion of substances utilising the principle of oxygen combustion calorimetry. Cone calorimeter has been specifically made to use the oxygen consumption calorimetry principle. (Mouritz, A. Gibson, 2007). The most important element in any combustion is the availability of oxygen. The overall heat produced during the combustion of an organic material has a direct correlation to the quantitative aspect of oxygen. There are various basic aspects of heat that provide much information when doing experiments concerning heat. Hea t capacity can be quantified in terms of molar heat capacity which is the heat capacity of a particular compound divided by the number of moles of that compound. Another quantitative aspect of heat capacity is specific heat which is the heat of an element divided by its mass. It is also important to note that heat capacity of any substance always has a positive value. Other aspects of fire and combustion in general that need consideration when working with a cone calorimeter include: the cumulative quantity of heat released, the rate of heat released per unit area, the time of ignition, the effective heat of the combustion, the total loss of mass, the rate of the loss of the mass and the smoke obstruction. These are important aspects during an experiment because they may lead to variable results for the same material if at all they are not considered during the experiment. (Taylor and Francis, 2006). IntroductionThe cone calorimeter works by measuring the heat produced by a sample burned in a closed oxygen atmosphere, enclosed by water and in control experimental conditions. The basic principle behind the functioning of cone calorimeter still remains the same. The instrument is made from the understanding of the engineering aspects of fire. Aim of the ExperimentThe aim of the experiment is familiarization of the operations of the cone calorimeter by using it to quantitatively analyse various samples. The samples include blue carpets, green carpets and experiments on various underlay. Objective of the experimentThe objective of the experiment is to analyse the various properties of fire which include: the cumulative quantity of heat released, the rate of heat released per unit area, the time of ignition, the effective heat of the combustion, the total loss of mass, the rate of the loss of the mass and the smoke obstruction. The blue carpets, the green carpets and the underlay will both be analysed by doing each of the experiments three times in order to find a more reliable average of the results. BackgroundThe cone calorimeter has been used for many years for the analysis of combustion properties of various substances; therefore the results from the experiment should be able to provide a credible source of information about the different substances. (Haines, B. 2006).

Actuellement Is a French False Cognate

Mistakes will always be made in French, and now you can learn from them. French and English have hundreds of cognates, which are words that look alike or are pronounced the same in both languages. There are true cognates (similar meanings), false cognates (different meanings) and semi-false cognates (some similar, some different meanings). The French adverb actuellement looks an awful lot like the English word actually, but looks can be deceiving.  Its really the  case of a  false cognate, because these two words mean completely different things: Actuellement means at the present time and should be translated as right now or currently.  Actually means in fact and should be translated as  en fait,  Ãƒ   vrai dire  or vraiment. Still, many people have not assimilated this lesson, and  actuellement  is mistakenly used to mean actually so often that  you  have to read the sentence two or three times to decide what the person actually means. How to Remember Which Is Which If you need a memory device, keep this in mind: Actualità ©Ã‚  refers to a  current event.  If you can remember this, you shouldnt have trouble remembering that actuellement and actually are false cognates with different meanings. Or you can remember the etymology. The root word of actually is actual, which means real or true. (Depending on the context, actual can be translated as  rà ©el,  vrai,  và ©ritable,  positif, or  concret.)  By extension then, actually means in fact. Meanwhile, the French root word for actuellement is the French adjective actuel, which means current or present. So actuellement  naturally refers to time as well and, by extension, means currently or right now. Examples of Correct Usage Je travaille actuellement. (I am currently working.)Le problà ¨me actuel (The current/present problem)Actually, I dont know him. (En fait, je ne le connais pas.)The actual value (La valeur rà ©elle)

Coca Coors Corporate Social Responsibility - 3380 Words

Flavoring the Beer Print: The Furtherance of Miller Coors Corporate Social Responsibility Phil Koerber Dr. Branson OL-690 Executive Summary As the new Global Responsibility Director for Molson Coors, my objective is uncomplicated—to build upon what founder John Molson believed. Molson believed that everyone is a members of a larger community dependent on the idea where everyone played a part (Molson Coors, n.d.). This sentiment speaks directly toward corporate social responsibility (CSR). Defining CSR is a hard task. CSR could be non-governmental organization engagement, or a focus on charitable donations, and even relate to the ethical treatment of employees (Wan-Jan, 2006). I offer that CSR is about action—what it†¦show more content†¦When corporate responsibility strategies were first defined, the company s performance was benchmarked against global standards (Molson Coors, n.d.). The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) was one such standard, as it â€Å"promotes the use of sustainability reporting as a way for organizations to become more sustainable and contribute to sustainable developme nt† (Global Reporting Initiative, n.d., para. 1). In 2009, the company was rated by the Pacific Sustainability Index (PSI) among the top 10 among beverage companies for its sustainability activities (Molson Coors (a), 2009). Furthermore, RiskMetrics, a leading provider of risk management and corporate governance products, provided an AA ranking to Molson Coors (Molson Coors (a), n.d.). The current vision and value statements for Molson Coors rely on a unproblematic idea—the proposition of commonality. A vision statement is the declaration of a company s goals which identifies what the company wishes to achieve or accomplish, and it should be a singular, unified, and clearly explained to all employees so that the proper business strategies are developed to reach the goals (Hom, 2013). The company s vision is deeply rooted in the idea of â€Å"Our Brew,† the cultural compass which provides direction, definition and value (Molson Coors, n.d.). This value is seen from the top down. Our CEO Peter Swinburn said, â€Å"It is our business to understand how the company affects the environment, and our employees,

Communication Institutionnelle Free Essays

Strategic management  : Etude de cas 1- SWOT SWOT Apple  : Strenghts  : – Good reputation among consumers always with innovative products (ipod: the first portable music player) – A high turnover and the company is quoted on stock – They have their own operating system (Linux) – Customer loyalty to the brand it create a community among users of Apple – An operating system more intuitive than Microsoft. Weaknesses: – Steeve Job’s death destabilized the brand – Product prices are higher than other competitors’ products – Lack of flexibility (you can’t install freeware) Opportunities: – Young children are using more and more products such as Iphone, Iphone to play. – Gap between prices of iphone and android who is closing. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Institutionnelle or any similar topic only for you Order Now Threats: – The androids are developing their own applications (andoid market) – Arrival of computers with batteries that have autonomy from 9am (DELL) – Tablet PC are becoming more accessible (price) with competition SWOT Samsung  : Strenghts: – Highly technical and developed products – Create their operating system for mobile phone (Bada system) – Quick adaptation to competitors’ innovations Several sector are covered (tv, laptop, computer †¦ ) if loss of money, it’s offset by other sectors – Reputation of the brand = high-tech Weaknesses: – Several sectors covered brand catchall – Creating products from the competition forger – The operating system Bada is new it is not led bugs, lack of applications†¦ Opportunities: – Growing on Indian market – Positive brand in terms of consumers = quality Threats: – Increase in prices of raw material – Strong competition o n the various markets covered by samsung. 2- Which generic strategy  : About the generic strategy, Apple applies the broad differentiation strategy. Indeed, Apple differentiates with his high quality products, the service that they propose (Apple community) has if they products are realized for the best. The generic strategy of Samsung is more popular. Even if it’s a really technical brand, they play on the cost of the product. They don’t change the quality of the product but they only try to reduce the cost of production. So, it’s a cost leadership strategy that’s using at Samsung Corp. 3- Analyse strategy Apple has an international reputation in the field of high-tech with innovation, and esthetics of its products. With this reputation the company can afford to implement higher price than competitors. Those prices select customers and therefore reduce the target brand. Apple makes its products in front with original advertising campaigns, and sells a preview creating an enthusiasm that the consumer side and therefore a large increase in sales (600 000 iphone4 sold the first day of sale). Samsung operates on the appearance of cheaper products while keeping product uality. This strategy is possible inspired by the technologies of competitors and produced at lower cost. Also the fact that Samsung produce several kind of high-tech products, avoids large losses of money if failure. 4- Suggestions/recommandations based on analysis of strategy Samsung should develop its own designs and technologies so that flakes of the forger image with consumers. Apple, however, with more elitist strategy should democratize its prices on some products to make its product more accessible to smaller budgets. How to cite Communication Institutionnelle, Papers

Introduction To The Visual Arts Essays - Byzantine Art, Handicrafts

Introduction to the Visual Arts Throughout history art has played an intricate role in society's perception of life. Art is used as form of expressionism be it physical or emotional, religious or the mockery of religion. The birth of new artistic eras were due to the technological advancements of the world. Below are a few examples of works of art that from different era in our humanity. Francisco de Stefano's, named Pesellino during the renaissance, A Miracle of Saint Silvester is a scene representative of an episode of Saint Silvester's life who was pope during the reign of Constantine the Great. Originally this work forms the lower portion of an altarpiece. The scene may be recognized as showing the miracle by which the Pope Saint Silvester convinced Helen, the mother of the emperor Constantine, that her son's conversion to Christianity was justifiable. Saint Silvester is shown bringing back to life a bull that had been killed by a Jewish Doctor, who had argued for his faith. Witnessing this godly act all present at this scene were converted to Christianity. Helen is seen enthroned under the right hand loggia, the Emperor under the left hand, while the Jewish pagans witness the miracle. Pesellino uses rich colors that entice the spectators' attention, which was common during the Renaissance. The use of orange, blue, and gold allows the artist to draw the spectators attention to what he feels is imperative within the work. Pesellino composes with an extremely finished style which is apparent with the detail used in the facial features as well as the gold trim that is which is shown on all present within the work. This style of painting opened the door for many artists who followed. Andrea Del Sarto's Saint John the Baptist only one of few paintings in America composed by Del Sarto. He composed this work of the patron saint of Florence at the height of his artistic career. The harmonious balance composition, delicate modeling, and glowing tonalities are hallmarks of his artistic style. The graceful design and blending of rich colors reflect the idealized style of the High Renaissance. He also uses Christian and classical traditions such as the portrayal of a coarse hair shirt, pointing hand, and reed cross are representative of Jesus Christ. The use of light on the right arm and pointing hand draws the spectator to focus attention to the cross symbolizing Christ. The use of analogous colors, red and green gives the spectator a genuine portrayal of human skin and stimulates our eyes. The use of golden halo and ivy reef alludes to Bacchus, who was considered a pagan antetype of both Christ and the Baptist during the Renaissance. The late Roman Hunting Scene is mosaic that was escavated from Antioch in three pieces of pavement. The sheer size of this work is breath taking, 20 ft. 6.25 inches X 23 ft. 9.75 inches. The mosaic depicts the hunting of dangerous game, an aristocratic pastime which is represented throughout Roman work. At first glance from a distance one may mistake the pavement to be a carpet. At the center position is a hunter surrounded by animals in a pattern that doesn't clutter the mosaic. The animals are portrayed more naturalistic than the humans and were used to fill the voids in the mosaic. The tiles are arranged in an arching motion, which gives the illusion of movement to the spectator. Hunters on foot and horseback attack a variety of animals that are highly placed with in the animal kingdom. There is a sense of grotesqueness due to the portrayal of blood with in the mosaic. The hunters seem to consider their conquests as sporty due to their facial expressions. The hunters dress in a He llenistic style. Mosaics were produced by workshops consisting of mastercraftsmen and apprentices. Mosaicists painted or scored the basic designs ad figures into the wet surface. Tesserae were then laid onto a thin bed of sort mortar. Once the entire floor was finished, the surface was polished with an abrasive stone and fine sand. An excellent piece of architecture is the Chapter House from west central France. It served the purpose of prayer, study, and reflection. The gothic style of the arches, which support the

The London Dungeon, Hadrians Wall Mix Tenses, Active X Passive Essays

The London Dungeon, Hadrians Wall Mix Tenses, Active X Passive Essays The London Dungeon, Hadrians Wall Mix Tenses, Active X Passive Paper The London Dungeon, Hadrians Wall Mix Tenses, Active X Passive Paper The London Dungeon Fill the gaps with the correct tenses. 1. The London Dungeon (lie) __________ in the oldest part of London in an old subterranean prison (thats what the word Dungeon (stand) __________ for). 2. The museum (take) __________ its visitors on a journey through Englands bloody history. 3. It (demonstrate) __________ the brutal killings and tortures of the past. 4. You (experience / can) __________ for example how people (die) __________ on the Gallow or during the Plague of 1665. 5. The Dungeon also (show) __________ scenes of Jack the Ripper or the beheading of Anne Boleyn, who (be) __________ one of Henry VIII’s six wives. . The atmosphere at the Dungeon (be) __________ really scary nothing for the faint-hearted. 7. While you (walk) __________ around the Dungeon, watch out for creepy creatures the Dungeon (employ) __________ actors to give its visitors the fright of their lives. 8. The actors, dressed as monsters, ghosts or executers, (hide) __________ in th e dark corners of the Dungeon and then suddenly (jump) __________ out and (grab) __________ one of the visitors. 9. And the horror (end / not) __________ at the exit of the exhibition. 10. (you / eat / ever) __________ a pizza with fingers and eyeballs on it? 1. Well, if you (fancy) __________ that kind of food, you (love) __________ the meals at the Dungeon restaurant. 12. The museum (want) __________ to provoke, shock, educate and delight. 13. And this it (do) __________ extremely well. 14. Since its opening in 1975, the Dungeon (attract) __________ many visitors from all over the world. 15. Besides the regular opening hours, the Dungeon sometimes also (open) __________ at night. 16. If you (have) __________ enough money and nerves of steel, you (book / can) __________ the Dungeon for parties, conferences or charity events at night. 17. And on 31 October, a frightfully good Halloween Party (take place) __________ at the Dungeon every year. Hadrians Wall Fill the gaps with the correct tenses (active or passive voice). 1. In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (visit) ___________ his provinces in Britain. 2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers (tell) ___________ him that Pictish tribes from Britains north (attack) ___________ them. 3. So Hadrian (give) ___________ the order to build a protective wall across one of the narrowest parts of the country. 4. After 6 years of hard work, the Wall (finish) ___________ in 128. . It (be) ___________ 117 kilometres long and about 4 metres high. 6. The Wall (guard) ___________ by 15,000 Roman soldiers. 7. Every 8 kilometres there (be) ___________ a large fort in which up to 1,000 soldiers (find) ___________ shelter. 8. The soldiers (watch) ___________ over the frontier to the north and (check) ___________ the people who (want) ___________ to enter or leave Roman Britain. 9. In order to pass through the Wall, people (must go) ___________ to one of the small forts that (serve) ___________ as gateways. 10. Those forts (call) ___________ milecastles because the distance from one fort to another (be) ___________ one Roman mile (about 1,500 metres). 11. Between the milecastles there (be) ___________ two turrets from which the soldiers (guard) ___________ the Wall. 12. If the Wall (attack) ___________ by enemies, the soldiers at the turrets (run) ___________ to the nearest milecastle for help or (light) ___________ a fire that (can / see) ___________ by the soldiers in the milecastle. 13. In 383 Hadrians Wall (abandon) ___________ . 14. Today Hadrians Wall (be) ___________ the most popular tourist attraction in northern England. 15. In 1987, it (become) ___________ a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 1. The London Dungeon lies in the oldest part of London in an old subterranean prison (thats what the word Dungeon stands for). 2. The museum takes its visitors on a journey through Englands bloody history. 3. It demonstrates the brutal killings and tortures of the past. 4. You can experience for example how people died on the Gallow or during the Plague of 1665. 5. The Dungeon also shows scenes of Jack the Ripper or the beheading of Anne Boleyn, who was one of Henry VIII’s six wives. 6. The atmosphere at the Dungeon is really scary nothing for the faint-hearted. . While you are walking around the Dungeon, watch out for creepy creatures the Dungeon employs actors to give its visitors the fright of their lives. 8. The actors, dressed as monsters, ghosts or executers, hide in the dark corners of the Dungeon and then suddenly jump out and grab one of the visitors. 9. And the horror doesnt end at the exit of the exh ibition. 10. Have you ever eaten a pizza with fingers and eyeballs on it? 11. Well, if you fancy that kind of food, you will love the meals at the Dungeon restaurant. 12. The museum wants to provoke, shock, educate and delight. 13. And this it does extremely well. 4. Since its opening in 1975, the Dungeon has attracted many visitors from all over the world. 15. Besides the regular opening hours, the Dungeon sometimes also opens at night. 16. If you have enough money and nerves of steel, you can book the Dungeon for parties, conferences or charity events at night. 17. And on 31 October, a frightfully good Halloween Party takes place at the Dungeon every year. 1. In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian visited his provinces in Britain. 2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers told him that Pictish tribes from Britains north had attacked them. . So Hadrian gave the order to build a protective wall across one of the narrowest parts of the country. 4. After 6 years of hard work, the Wal l was finished in 128. 5. It was 117 kilometres long and about 4 metres high. 6. The Wall was guarded by 15,000 Roman soldiers. 7. Every 8 kilometres there was a large fort in which up to 1,000 soldiers found shelter. 8. The soldiers watched over the frontier to the north and checked the people who wanted to enter or leave Roman Britain. 9. In order to pass through the Wall, people had to go to one of the small forts that served as gateways. 0. Those forts were called milecastles because the distance from one fort to another was one Roman mile (about 1,500 metres). 11. Between the milecastles there were two turrets from which the soldiers guarded the Wall. 12. If the Wall was attacked by enemies, the soldiers at the turrets ran to the nearest milecastle for help or lit a fire that could be seen by the soldiers in the milecastle. 13. In 383 Hadrians Wall was abandoned . 14. Today Hadrians Wall is the most popular tourist attraction in northern England. 15. In 1987, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Marie Curie - Mother of Modern Physics

Marie Curie - Mother of Modern Physics Marie Curie was the first truly famous woman scientist in the modern world.  She was known as the  Mother of Modern Physics for her pioneer work in research about radioactivity, a word she coined. She was the first woman awarded a Ph.D. in research science in Europe  and the first woman professor at the Sorbonne. Curie discovered and isolated polonium and radium, and established the nature of radiation and beta rays. She won Nobel Prizes in  1903 (Physics) and 1911 (Chemistry) and was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize, and the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific disciplines. Fast Facts: Marie Curie Known For: Research in radioactivity and discovery of polonium and radium. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize (Physics in 1903), and the first person to win a second Nobel Prize (Chemistry in 1911)Also Known As: Maria SklodowskaBorn: November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, PolandDied: July 4, 1934 in Passy, FranceSpouse: Pierre Curie (m. 1896-1906)Children: Irà ¨ne and ÈveInteresting Fact: Marie Curies daughter, Irà ¨ne, also won a Nobel Prize (Chemistry in 1935) Early Life and Education Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, the youngest of five children. Her father was a physics teacher, her mother, who died when Curie was 11, was also an educator. After graduating with high honors in her early schooling, Marie Curie found herself, as a woman, without options in Poland for higher education. She spent some time as a governess, and in 1891 followed her sister, already a gynecologist, to Paris. In Paris, Marie Curie enrolled at the Sorbonne. She graduated in first place in physics (1893), then, on a scholarship, returned for a degree in mathematics in which she took second place (1894). Her plan was to return to teach in Poland. Research and Marriage She began to work as a researcher in Paris. Through  her work, she met a French scientist, Pierre Curie, in 1894 when he was 35. They were married on July 26, 1895, in a civil marriage. Their first child, Irà ¨ne, was born in 1897. Marie Curie continued to work on her research and began work as a physics lecturer at a girls school. Radioactivity Inspired by work on radioactivity in uranium by Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie began research on Becquerel rays to see if other elements also had this quality. First, she discovered radioactivity in thorium, then demonstrated that the radioactivity is not a property of an interaction between elements but is an atomic property, a property of the interior of the atom rather than how it is arranged in a molecule. On April 12, 1898, she published her hypothesis of a still-unknown radioactive element, and worked with pitchblende and chalcocite, both uranium ores, to isolate this element. Pierre joined her in this research. Marie Curie and Pierre Curie thus discovered first polonium (named for her native Poland) and then radium. They announced these elements in 1898. Polonium and radium were present in very small amounts in pitchblende, along with larger quantities of uranium. Isolating the very small amounts of the new elements took years of work. On January 12, 1902, Marie Curie isolated pure radium, and her 1903 dissertation resulted in the first advanced scientific research degree to be awarded to a woman in France- the first doctorate in science awarded to a woman in all of Europe. In 1903, for their work, Marie Curie, her husband Pierre, and Henry Becquerel, were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. The Nobel Prize committee reportedly first considered giving the award to Pierre Curie and Henry Becquerel, and Pierre worked behind the scenes to ensure that Marie Curie won appropriate recognition by being included. It was also in 1903 that Marie and Pierre lost a child, born prematurely. Radiation poisoning from working with radioactive substances had begun to take a toll, though the Curies did not know it or were in denial of that. They were both too sickly to attend the 1903 Nobel ceremony in Stockholm. In 1904, Pierre was given a professorship at the Sorbonne for his work. The professorship established more financial security for the Curie family- Pierres father had moved in to help care for the children. Marie was given a small salary and a title as Chief of the Laboratory. That same year, the Curies established the use of radiation therapy for cancer and lupus, and their second daughter, Ève, was born. Ève would later write a biography of her mother. In 1905, the Curies finally traveled to Stockholm, and Pierre gave the Nobel Lecture. Marie was annoyed by the attention to their romance rather than to their scientific work. From Wife to Professor But security was short-lived, as Pierre was killed suddenly in 1906 when he was run over by a horse-drawn carriage on a Paris street. This left Marie Curie a widow with responsibility for raising her two young daughters. Marie Curie was offered a national pension, but turned it down. A month after Pierres death, she was offered his chair at the Sorbonne, and she accepted. Two years later she was elected a full professor- the first woman to hold a chair at the Sorbonne. Further Work Marie Curie spent the next years organizing her research, supervising the research of others, and raising funds. Her Treatise on Radioactivity was published in 1910. Early in 1911, Marie Curie was denied election to the French Academy of Sciences by one vote. Emile Hilaire Amagat said of the vote, Women cannot be part of the Institute of France. Marie Curie refused to have her name resubmitted for nomination and refused to allow the Academy to publish any of her work for ten years.  The press attacked her for her candidacy. Nevertheless, that same year she was appointed director of the Marie Curie Laboratory, part of the Radium Institute of the University of Paris, and of the Institute for Radioactivity in Warsaw, and she was awarded a second Nobel Prize. Tempering her successes that year was a scandal: a newspaper editor alleged an affair between Marie Curie and a married scientist. He denied the charges, and the controversy ended when the editor and scientist arranged a duel, but neither fired. Years later, Marie and Pierres granddaughter married the grandson of the scientist which whom she may have had the affair. During World War I, Marie Curie chose to support the French war effort actively. She put her prize winnings into war bonds and fitted ambulances with portable x-ray equipment for medical purposes, driving the vehicles to the front lines. She established two hundred permanent x-ray installations in France and Belgium. After the war, her daughter Irene joined Marie Curie as an assistant at the laboratory. The Curie Foundation was established in 1920 to work on medical applications for radium. Marie Curie took an important trip to the United States in 1921 to accept the generous gift of a gram of pure radium for research. In 1924, she published her biography of her husband. Illness and Death The work of Marie Curie, her husband, and colleagues with radioactivity was done in ignorance of its effect on human health. Marie Curie and her daughter Irene contracted leukemia, apparently induced by exposure to high levels of radioactivity. The notebooks of Marie Curie are still so radioactive that they cannot be handled. Marie Curies health was declining seriously by the end of the 1920s. Cataracts contributed to failing vision. Marie Curie retired to a sanatorium, with her daughter Eve as her companion. She died of pernicious anemia, also most likely an effect of the radioactivity in her work, in 1934.